Rumination
Repetitive, circular thinking about problems, mistakes, or worries that does not move toward a solution. A maintaining factor in depression and anxiety.
Category: Symptoms and experiences
What is rumination?
Rumination feels like problem-solving but is not. The same thoughts repeat without producing decisions or actions. It commonly targets past mistakes, perceived failures, and worst-case futures.
Key things to know
Research links rumination to the onset and persistence of depression and anxiety. It also disrupts sleep and concentration.
- It feels like problem-solving but produces no decisions or actions.
- Common targets: past mistakes, perceived failures, worst-case futures.
- Rumination maintains depression and anxiety and disrupts sleep.
- "Why" questions loop; "what can I do next" questions move.
- Scheduled worry time and behavioural activation are practical counters.
What helps
Useful responses include scheduled worry time, shifting from "why" questions to "what can I do next" questions, and behavioural activation. Rumination-focused CBT targets it directly.
How SelfMind can help
SelfMind is an AI companion for everyday mental health support: a private place to talk through what you are feeling, in Hindi, English or Hinglish, at any hour. It is not therapy and not a crisis service; it works alongside professional care, never in place of it. You can try it free, no account needed.
Related terms
This entry is educational information, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. For assessment and treatment, consult a qualified mental health professional. If you are in crisis, see our crisis resources. In India, Tele-MANAS is free at 14416, 24x7.